Extraction of Proteins by Winsor III Microemulsion Systems

Purification of proteins by microemulsion was improved through use of a 3-phase (“Winsor-III”) microemulsion system instead of the traditionally employed 2-phase (“Winsor-II”) water-in-oil microemulsion system. As a consequence, two of the main problems of the traditional method were improved: the low and slow rate of recovery of proteins encapsulated by the microemulsions and the low protein solubilization capacity of the microemulsions. Microemulsion systems employed a mixture of surfactants, two pH-degradable “cyclic ketal” alkyl ethoxylates (O-[(2-tridecyl, 2-ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl) methoxy]–O’- methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)n , where n, the average degree of polymerization for the ethoxylate group, equaled 3.0 or 5.45, CK3 and CK7, respectively) and Aerosol-OT (AOT). CK7’s ethoxylate size has broad molecular weight distribution. Partitioning behavior of CK7 molecules as a function of their ethoxylate size, temperature, and the addition of a second surfactant (AOT, CK3, or octyl β-D-glycoside) were investigated. A semi-empirical thermodynamic mathematical model was developed to calculate the phase inversion temperature (PIT) for a surfactant mixture of a specified composition. This information is useful to find the optimal Winsor-III for protein extraction. Finally different Winsor-III systems formed by water, isooctane and surfactant mixtures of CK7, CK3 and AOT were tested in forward extraction of α-chymotrypsin, cytochrome-c, lysozyme, BSA and pepsin. Three approaches were used to obtain Winsor- III systems suitable for forward extraction: employment at 40°C, addition of a more hydrophobic surfactant (CK3, 25°C), and the addition of 1.5 wt. % NaCl (aq) to increase the ionic strength (25°C). Protein concentrations achieved in microemulsion phase were 10 times higher than values reported in the literature for extraction by Winsor-II microemulsion systems. Back extraction was tested for α-chymotrypsin, cytochrome-c, and lysozyme. Aqueous striping solutions used for back extraction contained either a high ionic strength (5 wt. % NaCl) or a high pH (12.0). Back-extraction was fast and total recovery of the activity for α-chymotrypsin was achieved. Other proteins have smaller percentage of mass recovery in the conditions tested but comparable with yields reported in the literature for microemulsion-based extraction

Entidades de desarrollo rural y gastronomía

1.- Conceptualización de los Grupos de Desarrollo Rural (G.D.R.) y/o Grupos de Acción Local (G.A.L.):objetivos, metodología LEADER de trabajo, implantación en el territorio, planificación y financiación. 2.- Instrumentos de Intervención sobre los Territorios:planes estratégicos de desarrollo rural y otras herramientas. 3.- Áreas Socioeconómicas de Desarrollo e Intervención Territorial. 4.- Desarrollo Rural y Gastronomía: sostenibilidad social, económica, cultural y medioambiental. 5.- Vinculación entre la puesta en valor de Recursos Agroalimentarios y la Actividad Turística.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Interés público y estrategias de argumentación judicial

El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir una práctica socio-cultural, intentando representar los significados de lo público y de lo privado que han sido puestos en juego por el Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la Provincia de Córdoba, en el marco de decisiones judiciales, en las que se despliegan argumentos que incluyen nociones de interés público, en controversias iniciadas por particulares contra el Estado. Asimismo, intentaremos registrar cómo un problema social es convertido o no en un problema público, al interior de la argumentación interpretativa que se desarrolla en las decisiones judiciales examinadas. En este sentido el pensamiento de Paul Khan (2001), será de gran ayuda. Para este autor, el Estado de derecho es una forma de organizar la sociedad occidental moderna, bajo un conjunto de creencias que son constitutivas tanto de la identidad de la comunidad, como de la de sus miembros individuales. Esta perspectiva contextualiza la construcción de la relación individuoEstado sobre un valor agregado adicional: el valor de la cultura. En ese contexto, las categorías público-privado poseen un gran peso en el modo en que lo jurídico imagina nuestro mundo. Por ello, los casos de decisiones judiciales que resuelven litigios apoyados en las distinciones que surgen de esas categorías de la imaginación jurídica permiten acercarnos a una instancia paradigmática del funcionamiento de la cultura jurídica que nos rodea.O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever uma pratica sócio- cultura, tentando apresentar os significados do público e do privado no Poder Judiciário do Estado de Córdoba, Argentina, que foram postas em jogo em sentenças judiciais onde litigam particulares e o Estado. Da mesma forma, tentaremos registrar como um problema social é convertido ou não em um problema público, dentro da argumentação interpretativa que se desenvolve nas decisões judiciais examinadas. Neste sentido o pensamento de Paul Khan será de grande ajuda. Segundo este autor, o Estado de direito e uma maneira de organizar a sociedade ocidental moderna sob um conjunto de crenças que são constitutivas da identidade da comunidade e de seus membros individuais. Essa perspectiva contextualiza a construção da relação indivíduo-estado em um valor agregado adicional: o valor da cultura. Portanto as categorias público-privado têm um grande peso num jeito em que o jurídico pensa nosso mundo. Por isso, as sentenças judiciais analisadas nos aproximam de maneira pragmática ao funcionamento da cultura jurídica que nos rodeia.Fil: Gomez del Rio, Maria Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones Jurídicas y Sociales. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones Jurídicas y Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Aspinwall, Ayelen. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones Jurídicas y Sociales. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones Jurídicas y Sociales; ArgentinaXIX Congreso Nacional y IX Latinoamericano de Sociología JurídicaBuenos AiresArgentinaSociedad Argentina de Sociología Jurídica; Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derech

X-chromosomal haplotype frequencies of four linkage groups in a population of Argentina

DNA samples of hundred ten unrelated anonymized male individuals living in province of Entre Rios, Argentina, were genotyped using Investigador Argus X-12 system (Qiagen) for 12 STRs in four haplogroups. The frequency of most common haplotype was 0.02727, 0.06364, 0.03636, and 0.03636 for haplogroups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The Match Probability was 6.0E-08 and the mean exclusion chance was 0.999999936. This work presents the first haplotype frequency data for Investigator Argus X-12 system in a population of Argentina

Central pain augmentation in fibromyalgia during subjectively-matched mechanical stimulation

The precise pathophysiology of fibromyalgia, a syndrome characterized by, among other symptoms, chronic widespread pain, remains to be elucidated (Abeles et al., 2007). The fact that, when subjected to the same amount of stimulation, patients show enhanced brain responses as compared to controls provides evidence of central pain augmentation in this syndrome. We aimed to characterize brain response differences when stimulation is adjusted to elicit similar subjective levels of pain in both groups

The dual developmental origin of spinal cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons gives rise to distinct functional subtypes.

Chemical and mechanical cues from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can affect the development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). How such cues are detected and relayed to the CNS remains elusive. Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) situated at the interface between the CSF and the CNS are ideally located to convey such information to local networks. In the spinal cord, these GABAergic neurons expressing the PKD2L1 channel extend an apical extension into the CSF and an ascending axon in the spinal cord. In zebrafish and mouse spinal CSF-cNs originate from two distinct progenitor domains characterized by distinct cascades of transcription factors. Here we ask whether these neurons with different developmental origins differentiate into cells types with different functional properties. We show in zebrafish larva that the expression of specific markers, the morphology of the apical extension and axonal projections, as well as the neuronal targets contacted by CSF-cN axons, distinguish the two CSF-cN subtypes. Altogether our study demonstrates that the developmental origins of spinal CSF-cNs give rise to two distinct functional populations of sensory neurons. This work opens novel avenues to understand how these subtypes may carry distinct functions related to development of the spinal cord, locomotion and posture

Tylose Formation and Changes in Phenolic Compounds of Grape Roots Infected with «Phaeomoniella chlamydospora» and «Phaeoacremonium» Species

The role of phenolic compounds in strengthening resistance of grapevine to young grapevine decline was analysed. The formation of tyloses has also been associated with this disease. A microscopic study showed that tyloses originated in parenchyma cells associated with the xylem and from there invaded the xylem lumen. As tyloses formed, there were changes in the cell wall, associated with the accumulation of crystalline structures. The cells surrounding the blocked xylem contained more polyphenolic compounds than the cells of intact xylem. Changes in the level and composition of polyphenolic compounds occurred in relation to the severity of infection. Tannin concentrations also increased with increasing numbers of xylem vessels containing tyloses. Root extracts added to fungal culture media inhibited mycelial growth of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Pm. inflatipes. Inhibition was greater with extracts from roots with tyloses, and was also correlated with polyphenol content. Extracts of the leaves, stems and berries of vines treated with Brotomax, which increases the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds, inhibited mycelial growth of the fungi compared to untreated control plants

Immunity-targeted approaches to the management of chronic and recurrent upper respiratory tract disorders in children

BACKGROUND: Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), including rhinitis, nasopharyngitis, tonsillitis and otitis media (OM), comprise of 88% of total respiratory infections, especially in children. Therefore effective prevention and treatment of RTIs remain a high priority worldwide. Preclinical and clinical data highlight the rationale for the use and effectiveness of immunity-targeted approaches, including targeted immunisations and non-specific immunomodulation in the prevention and management of recurrent upper RTIs. OBJECTIVE OF REVIEW: The idea of this review was to summarise the current evidence and address key questions concerning the use of conservative and immunity-targeted approaches to recurrent and chronic URTIs, with a focus on the paediatric population. SEARCH STRATEGY/EVALUATION METHOD: Literature searches were conducted in March 2017 and updated in September 2017 using: Academic Search Complete; CENTRAL; Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition; MEDLINE; clinicaltrials.gov; and Cochrane databases. In total, 84 articles were retrieved and reviewed. Two independent researchers focused on primary and secondary endpoints in systematic reviews, meta-analyses and randomised, controlled trials, using immunity-directed strategies as the control group or within a subpopulation of larger studies. Existing guidelines and interventional/observational studies on novel applications were also included. RESULTS: Children are particularly susceptible to RTIs due to the relative immaturity of their immune systems, as well as other potential predisposing factors such as day care attendance and/or toxic environmental factors (eg increased pathogenic microbial exposure and air pollutants). Recurrent URTIs can affect otherwise healthy children, leading to clinical sequelae and complications, including the development of chronic conditions or the need for surgery. Available pre-clinical and clinical data highlight the rationale for the use and effectiveness of immunity-targeted approaches, including targeted immunisations (flu and pneumococcal vaccines) and non-specific immunomodulation (bacterial lysates), in the prevention and management of recurrent croup, tonsillitis, otitis media, recurrent acute rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. CONCLUSIONS: In this review, we summarise the current evidence and provide data demonstrating that some immunity-targeted strategies, including vaccination and immunomodulation, have proved effective in the treatment and prevention of recurrent and chronic URTIs in children.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Latin American chronic urticaria registry (CUR) contribution to the understanding and knowledge of the disease in the region

Chronic urticaria (CU) has a widespread spectrum on causal or exacerbating factors, clinical manifestations, therapeutic response and quality of life affectation. Registries are useful tools in several real-life diagnosis and management approach. We aimed to evaluate the characteristics of CU patients living in Latin America through an original cross-sectional registry with data entered by regional allergologists. Results: Three hundred patients were included, being 72% female, with median age of 36 years (1\u201385) and 20 months of CU median evolution time. The cause of CU was reported as unknown in 72% of them. Thirty-nine percent of suspected cases presented positive serology for Mycoplasma, positive autologous serum skin test (ASST) was reported in 47%, and occasional presence of thyroid or antinuclear autoantibodies and parasites. The impact of pruritus in their quality of life was moderate to severe in 60% of patients, with almost 3 out of four patients having partial or lack of urticaria control with anti-histamines. Conclusions: Our registry provides retrospective data on the real-life assistance of a large number of patients from the region. Continuous search for associated conditions and better treatment possibilities are needed, in order to control the significant impact on quality of life and the length of disease